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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforEstimatingUncertaintiesinDosimetryforRadiationProcessing
【原文标准名称】:辐射加工用剂量测定不确定度评定的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51707-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;accuracy;bias;dosimeter;dosimetry;electronbeams;error;gammaradiation;radiationprocessing;TypeAevaluation;TypeBevaluation;uncertainty;x-ray;ICS
【摘要】:4.1Gamma,electron,andX-ray(bremsstrahlung)facilitiesroutinelyirradiateavarietyofproductssuchasfood,medicaldevices,asepticpackagingandcommodities(seeISO/ASTMPractices51204and51431).Processparametersmustbecarefullycontrolledtoensurethattheseproductsareprocessedwithinspecifications(seeISO11137,Section2.3).Accuratedosimetryisessentialinprocesscontrol(seeISO/ASTMGuide51261).Forabsorbeddosemeasurementstobemeaningful,thecombineduncertaintyassociatedwiththesemeasurementsmustbeestimatedanditsmagnitudequantified.NOTE1-Foracomprehensivediscussionofvariousdosimetrymethodsapplicabletotheradiationtypesandenergiesdiscussedinthisguide,seeICRUReports14,17,34,35andRefs(5,6).4.2ThisguideusesthemethodologyadoptedbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationforestimatinguncertaintiesindosimetryforradiationprocessing(see2.3).ASTMtraditionallyusesthetermsofprecisionandbiaswhereprecisionisameasureoftheextenttowhichreplicatemeasurementsmadeunderspecifiedconditionsareinagreementandbiasisasystematicerror(seeASTMTerminologiesE170andE456,andPracticeE177).Asseenfromthisstandard,componentsofuncertaintyareevaluatedaseitherTypeAorTypeBratherthanintermsofprecisionandbias.ErrorisdifferentfromTypeAandTypeBcomponentsofuncertainty.4.3Althoughthisguideprovidesaframeworkforassessinguncertainty,itcannotsubstituteforcriticalthinking,intellectualhonesty,andprofessionalskill.Theevaluationofuncertaintyisneitheraroutinetasknorapurelymathematicalone;itdependsondetailedknowledgeofthenatureofthemeasurandandofthemeasurementmethodandprocedureused.Thequalityandutilityoftheuncertaintyquotedfortheresultofameasurementthereforeultimatelydependsontheunderstanding,criticalanalysis,andintegrityofthosewhocontributetotheassignmentofitsvalue.4.4Processrequirementsmaynecessitateestablishmentofatargetuncertainty,whichprovidesapointofreferenceforevaluatingwhetherthecalculatedvalueofuncertaintyisacceptablefortheprocessunderconsideration.4.5Resultsofanuncertaintyassessmentmaybeusedtoaidintheevaluationofthestatisticalcontrolinthegivenapplication.Controllablecomponentsofuncertaintymayberankedbycomparisontototaluncertainty.Thisrankingmaybeusedtoidentifyareasforcorrectiveactiontoreducethetotaluncertainty.1.1Thisguidedefinespossiblesourcesofuncertaintyindosimetryperformedingamma,X-ray(bremsstrahlung),andelectronirradiationfacilitiesandoffersproceduresforestimatingtheresultingmagnitudeoftheuncertaintiesinthemeasurementofabsorbeddoseusingadosimetrysystem.Basicconceptsofmeasurement,estimateofthemeasuredvalueofaquantity,"truevalue",error,anduncertaintyaredefinedanddiscussed.Componentsofuncertaintyarediscussedandmethodsaregivenforevaluatingandestimatingtheirvalues.Howthesecontributetothestandarduncertaintyinthereportedvaluesofabsorbeddoseareconsideredandmethodsaregivenforcalculatingthecombinedstandarduncertaintyandanestimateofexpanded(overall)uncertainty.ThemethodologyforevaluatingcomponentsofuncertaintyfollowsISOprocedures(see).Thetraditionalconceptsofprecisionandbiasarenotusedinthisdocument.Examplesaregiveninfiveannexes.1.2Thisguideassumesaworkingknowledgeofstatistics.Severalstatisticaltextsareincludedinthereferences().Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationsprior......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:TestMethodforMercaptanSulfurinGasoline,Kerosine,AviationTurbineandDistillateFuels(PotentiometricMethod)
【原文标准名称】:电位差法测定汽油、煤油航空汽轮机燃料及馏分燃料中硫醇态硫含量的试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD3227-1992
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1992
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:机动车燃料;煤油;汽油;航空燃料;硫醇;试验;石油产品;含量测定;硫
【英文主题词】:sulphur;mercaptans;testing;gasoline;aviationfuels;petroleumproducts;automotivefuels;kerosine;determinationofcontent
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:E31
【国际标准分类号】:75_160_20
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:英语